★수능 영어가 원하는 어법을 정리하고 싶다면...

안녕하세요! 차 진희 선생입니다. ^^

지난 번 ★ 영어 빈칸을 어렵게 느낀다면... 에 보여주신 오르비 식구들의 관심에 감사드리며,
후속 편으로, 오늘은 수능 기출 어법 문제와 EBS 교재의 어법 문제의 빈출 유형을 분석함으로써,
EBS 교재 100% 연계 유형인 어법 문제의 핵심과 출제 style 을 정리해 보겠습니다.

우선, 어법 문제의 출제 방향성에 관해 제 의견을 말씀드리자면,
어법문제는 더 이상 ‘기술적인 공식 껴 맞추기’로 푸는 문제가 아니란 점입니다.
3점 문항으로 단 1문항이 출제되기 때문에 문제의 중요도는 높아졌고,
공식화된 단순 어법 문제가 아니라,
반드시 ‘해석’ 을 동반해야 정확하게 풀리는 문제로 진화하고 있기 때문입니다.

하지만, 이 또한 수능 출제 style 에 접근하는 어법 문제 분석 풀이에 능숙해 진다면,
어느 정도의 pattern 이 중복, 빈출 출제 된다는 점도 알 수 있기에,

2011 수능에서부터 2014 수능에서 출제되었던 문제들의 출제 의도를 분석하고,
2013 EBS 전 교재에 나왔던 어법 문제 pattern 을 수능 기출 style 과 대조시켜 봄으로써
겨울 방학 동안 영어 어법영역의 접근 know how 를 제안해 드리고자 합니다.
 

1. 어법문제에 해석이 필요한가?

어법 문제의 2가지 출제 style (밑줄형 vs 선택형) 이
2014 수능에서부터는 1 가지 유형만 출제 되고 있으며,

지난 6월 (밑줄형), 9월 (선택형), 대수능 (밑줄형)이 나왔으므로,
둘 중 하나 고르는 식의 공식(?)으로는 오히려 문제의 함정(?)에 빠지는 실수를 하게 되며,
게다가, 연계된 EBS 원문의 글 유형을 보면,
 글의 주제가 명확한 성격의 글을 골라서 출제하고 있기 때문에,
문장구성에서 가장 중요한 주어와 동사의 쓰임을 묻는
- 즉 동작의 주제가 누구이며, 문장에서 1 주어, 1 동사 -
기본 원칙을 잘 살려서 해석하고 있는 지를 중심으로 출제되고 있다는 것을 알 수 있습니다.
따라서, 앞뒤 문맥의 내용을 무시한채로 공식 대입식의 어법문제풀이는 아주 위험하다고 할 수 있습니다.
 (예를 들어 관계사절은 완전/ 불완전 같은..)

2.수능 기출 유형 분석

① 주어 / 동사 찾기 (S1 / V1)

● The combustion of oxygen that keeps us alive and active ② sending out by-products called oxygen free radicals. (2014 수능)                 ⇨ sending (동사 유무)

● For example, when the body mobilizes ③ to fight off infectious agents, it generates a burst of free radicals to destroy the invaders very efficiently. (2014 수능)
                                                                                ⇨ 준동사 (동사유무)

● These fierce radicals, ⑤ built into life as both protectors and avengers, are potent agents of aging. (2014 수능)                                        ⇨ 준동사 (동사유무)

● But persons who are daring in taking a wholehearted stand for truth often ④ achieving results that surpass their expectations. (2011 수능) ⇨ 주어 (who ~ ) 동사 achieving

                                                                                답: sends/○/○/achieve

유형 02 명사의 이해(수/격/대명사)

① (대)명사의 수와 역할(격)
② 가산성 구별
③ 명사구와 절의 수

● On the other hand, halfhearted individuals are seldom distinguished for courage even when it involves ⑤ their own welfare.(2011 수능)       
                                                           ⇨ their = individuals (소유격 수)

● It also created an open-ended conversation among ② its engineers in which salespeople and designers were often included. (2012 수능)
                                                           ⇨ its 앞 문장 one company (소유격 수)

● It is not easy ③ to show moral courage in the face of either indifference or opposition.
      (2011 수능)               ⇨ 준동사의 대명사

● But ④ filming plays did not encourage the evolution of what truly was distinctive about a movie: the intervention of the camera ― its mobility of vision. (2013 수능)
                                     ⇨ 준동사 주어

● Adapting novels ① is one of the most respectable of movie projects, while a book that calls itself the novelization of a film is considered barbarous. (2013 수능)       
                                                          ⇨ 준동사 주어의 수

                                                                                               답: ○/ ○/○/○/○

유형 03 수식어의 이해

① 수식대상에 대한 형용사/ 부사 구별
② 한정사 / 품사별 강조 표현

● (A) [So / Such] imprudent are we that we wander about in times that are not ours and do not think of the one that belongs to us. (2011 수능) ⇨ 수식대상 imprudent / 한정사

●  Being a hybrid art as well as a late one, film has always been in a dialogue with ② other narrative genres. (2013 수능)                           ⇨ 한정사 (other + 명사)

● Some toy animals stayed at sea (C) even / very longer. (2012 수능)  
                                                                       ⇨ 비교급강조 vs 원급강조

● The two companies did eventually ⑤ solve the technological problem, but the latter company had more difficulty than the former. (2012 수능) ⇨ 동사 강조 (did solve)

● We can read the news of the day, or the latest on business, entertainment or (B) [however / whatever] news on the websites of the New York Times, the Guardian or almost any other major newspaper in the world. (2013 수능)
                                                ⇨ 수식 대상 / 해석 분석 (however 명사 / whatever 명사)

● As a source of plot, character, and dialogue, the novel seemed more ⑤ suitable.  
      (2013 수능)                                                        ⇨ 수식 대상 / 해석 분석

● On the other hand, free radicals move ④ uncontrollably through the body, attacking cells, rusting their proteins, piercing their membranes and corrupting their genetic code until the cells become dysfunctional and sometimes give up and die. (2014 수능)        ⇨ 부사 (수식대상)
                                                                        
                                                                  답: So /○/even/○/whatever/○/○

유형 04 동사 / 준동사

① 동사, 준동사의 차이점
② 동사, 준동사의 공통점

● The word ‘courage’ takes on added meaning if you keep in mind that it is derived from the Latin word ‘cor’ ① meaning ‘heart.’ (2011 수능)⇨ 준동사 / 태

● On January 10, 1992, a ship (A )traveled / traveling through rough seas lost 12 cargo containers, one of which held 28,800 floating bath toys. (2012 수능) ⇨ (동작주체) 능동 vs 수동

● Examine your thoughts, and you will find them wholly (C) [to occupy / occupied] with the past or the future. (2011 수능)⇨ find / them (=thoughts) / (동작주체) 능동 vs 수동

● The boundaries among business units were deliberately ambiguous because more than technical information was needed ③ to get a feeling for the problem. (2012 수능)
                                                      ⇨ 준동사

● However, the other company proceeded with more seeming clarity and discipline, ④ dividing the problem into its parts. (2012 수능)       ⇨ 준동사 / 태

● In many countries, amongst younger people, the habit of reading newspapers has been on the decline and some of the dollars previously (A) [spent / were spent] on newspaper advertising have migrated to the Internet. (2013 수능) ⇨ 동사 vs 준동사

● Advertising dollars have simply been (C) [followed / following] the migration trail across to these new technologies. (2013 수능) ⇨ 준동사 (동작주체) 능동 vs 수동

                                                      답: ○/traveling/occupied/○/○/spent/following

유형 05 접속사 (관계사/명사절)

① 명사절의 문장 내 역할
② 관계사 (접속사 + ＠) : 선행사 대입해석의 필요성
③ 전치사+관계대명사가 주어될 수 있나?
④ 해석문제인 병렬구조

● The ultimate life force lies in tiny cellular factories of energy, called mitochondria, ① that burn nearly all the oxygen we breathe in. (2014 수능) ⇨ 주격 관계대명사 (선행사 찾기)

● After seven months, the first toys made landfall on beaches near Sitka, Alaska, 3,540 kilometers from (B) what / where they were lost. (2012 수능)     ⇨ 명사절 what vs 선행사생략 관계부사

● The dictionary defines courage as a ‘quality which enables one to pursue a right course of action, through ② which one may provoke disapproval, hostility, or contempt.’ (2011 수능)  
               ⇨ 전치사 + 관계대명사

● One company developed what it called a ‘technology shelf,’ created by a small group of engineers, on which ① was placed possible technical solutions that other teams might use in the future. (2012 수능) ⇨ 장소부사구 (전치사+명사) 주어/동사 도치

● Movies were first seen as an exceptionally potent kind of illusionist theatre, the rectangle of the screen corresponding to the proscenium of a stage, ③ which appear actors. (2013 수능)      
                                                                        ⇨ 도치조건 (동사 + 주어)

● We try to support the present with the future and (B) [think / thinking] of arranging things we cannot control, for a time we have no certainty of reaching. (2011 수능)
                                                                     ⇨ (동작주체) 병렬

                                                                                  답: ○/where/○/○/○/think



물론, 수능에서 위의 5가지만 나온다고 극단적으로 말할 수는 없겠지만,
어법문제 출제경향은 해석을 무시하고 공식처럼 외우는 방법은
출제의 흐름을 역행하는 것이기 때문에 뻔하지만
기출문제를 크게

단어의 올바른 쓰임과
문장의 의미 확장을 얼마나 잘 이해하고 있는 지가
출제trend 라고 보는 것 입니다.

작년 EBS 교재에 나왔던 어법문제를 유형별로 분석해 봐도,
해석을 돕는, 해석에 필요한 어법문제를 많이 다루고 있다는 점을 볼 수 있을 것입니다.

3. EBS 빈출 어법 유형

유형 01 주어 (1) 동사(1)

1.

Residential locations show a hierarchy of values. As in a house the working parts lie concealed in the basement, so in a city the industrial and commercial base (A) [hugs / hugging] the water's edge; and private homes rise in prestige with elevation. [수특 2강 3번]

2.

We know that a solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the Sun and the Earth and fully or partially ③ cover the Sun. [N제 5번]

3.

That may be pie-in-the-sky, but whatever your aspiration, living in a home that helps us live our life's dreams (C) [are / is] a great goal that, within reason, can often be achieved. [N제 189번]

4.

Constantly reacting to events rather than being prepared for them (A) [mark / marks] those who lack initiative. [인수 Mini-Test(1) 4번]

5.

But some fishermen have discovered that using homemade explosives ② enable them to catch fish more easily than traditional methods. [인수 Mini-Test(2) 4번]

6.

The Reichstag’ gray walls, the dark and quiet witnesses of a century of tumultuous German history, (B) [were / was] all invisible. [인수 5강 10번]

7.

Because he often woke up with a puffy face, the legs of the head of the White House bed ③　was set on three-inch-high blocks so that he could sleep with his head elevated. [수완 유형 5강 5번]

8.

I have watched hundreds of people experience the profound transformation that comes when they understand that every event in their lives (B) [occur / occurs] to teach them something about themselves. When you accept the lessons that life brings you. [수완 실전 2회 27번]

유형 02 대명사 / 수/ 지칭대상

9.

They can screen prospective buyers to ensure they spend their time with (C) [them / those] most serious about purchasing a house. [인수 Mini-Test(1) 4번]

10.

Victorian biographers found ③ that their duty to admit nothing about the career of a person which would keep the reader from admiring him. [수특 26강 2번]

11.

Prices virtually never reflect water’s full value, so water users do not see (B) [its / their] full value or the need for conservation. [인수 5강 3번]

유형 03 수식 대상

12.

Aunt and Uncle McDonald also visit the children at school and at home, something Americans would find very ⑤ strangely. [수특 Test 1 8번]

13.

Rather, you were what you used to think of as (B) [busy / busily]. [인수 5강 5번]

14.

If our sense of smell is deficient, then we may not be able to discriminate between a safe environment and a health hazard, rendering us more (B) [vulnerable / vulnerably]. [N제 120번]

15.

We want people to respond ④ open to what we say, and we have a right to expect this. [N제 212번]

16.

For the most part, they purr and hum behind the scenes, (B) [content / contently] to supervise virtually everything you’ll ever experience, much of which lies outside your awareness. [수완 유형 5강 4번]

17.

While it is crucial to be well instructed, what is also important is not the amount of information we collect but how (C) [conscious / consciously] we receive it. [인수 5강 1번]

18.

Jordan is (A) [so / such] an extraordinarily talented athlete that there isn’t much that any coach could do to improve his basketball playing. [수완 실전 3회 27번]

유형 04 접속사 (관계사 /명사절)

19.

Openness means being receptive. Life will present you with innumerable lessons, none of (A) [them / which] will be useful to you unless you recognize them and are open to their inherent value. [수완 실전 2회 27번]

20.

We often suffer from this 'pike syndrome,'⑤ which early experience conditions us into wrong assumptions about similar but different situations. [수특 2강 6번]

21.

Wegener hypothesized that the continents once formed part of a single giant landmass, (A) [what / which] he named Pangaea, meaning "all lands."[수특 22강 2번]

22.

Then I became a mother and learned, as have millions of parents before me, (C) [that / what] sleep is to some degree an optional luxury. [인수 5강 5번]

23.

Modern civilization has been lucky so far, in (A) [what /that] the crises it has had to deal with have been the kind that we can solve with money. [인수 5강 8번]

24.

All of this ─ as well as procrastination and not taking action in a timely way ─ indicates a basic failure to plan for or anticipate (B) [that / what] lies ahead. In contrast, proactivity pays off. [인수 Mini-Test(1) 4번]

25.

The scientific meaning of theory refers to an all-encompassing explanation of many well-supported observations and facts (B) [that / what] explain a natural phenomenon. [N제 143번]

26.

Have you ever looked up into the vast night sky and wondered (A) [what / whether] all those little blinking white lights are about? [N제 28번]

27.

It’s not obvious ③ that someone might mean by this statement, but it’s clearly wrong. [N제 51번]

28.

(C) [whatever / however] unpleasant or challenging they may be, you take the crucial step toward finding your true self and your purpose. [수완 실전 2회 27번]

29.

A cat or dog can fit into just about any home situation (A) [where / which] they are not prohibited by apartment owners or community associations. [N제 189번]

30.

It is the researcher’s responsibility to eliminate or rule out all plausible alternative explanations and to recognize and point out (C) [when / which] others have failed to be entirely convincing. [N제 74번]

유형 05 동사 / 준동사

31.

(B) [Have / Having] a boat tied to your backyard requires waterfront property. [N제 189번]

32.

In 1989, five years after (B) [join / joining] the league and the very same year Jackson became head coach of the Bulls, Jordan began to see his role not as just scoring points and blocking shots, but as a leader whose job also was to help raise the level of play of every other player on the team. [수완 실전 3회 27번]

33.

Local environmental agencies across the country have set up programs (C) [for / that] homeowners to trade in their old gasoline powered lawnmowers and electric equipment. 수특 2강 1번]

34.

As in a house the working parts lie concealed in the basement, so in a city the industrial and commercial base (A) [hugs / hugging] the water's edge. [수특 2강 3번]

35.

Over a million square feet of thickly woven polypropylene fabric held together by 5,000 feet of blue rope (C) [covered / covering] every square inch of the structure.[인수 5강 10번]

36.

By testing babies like Alessandra, each eight and a half months old, give or take a week, two psychologists from the University of Illinois, Roseanne Kermoian and Joseph Campos, ⑤ confirming that crawling detonates an explosion of brain development. [인수 5강 7번]

37.

Dimaggio said he liked to do the cooking; he liked the feeling of people ③　were happy with his food. [수완 유형 5강 3번]

유형 06 병렬 구조 / 어순

38.

The 0.5 meter diameter Baker-Nunn patrol camera is only one of a handful of telescopes in the world dedicated to surveying the sky on a nightly basis and (C) [searching / search] for asteroids that might one day hit the Earth. [N제 28번]

39.

This, in turn, allows your listeners to use their right hemispheres to judge the context and fully ④ comprehends the intended meaning of your words. [N제 97번]

40.

(C) [It had / Had it] not been for that quick addition of liquidity, the aftermath could have been far worse. [인수 5강 8번]